Cashew / Marañón
Scientific Name: Anacardium occidentale
Origin: South America
Botanical Family: Anacardiaceae
Marañon is an evergreen tree that originated in northeastern Brazil and is native to Colombia.
Brief History and Description
Marañon is native to northeastern Brazil; this evergreen tree grows to a height of 10 to 12 meters and has a short and often irregular trunk. Marañon leaves are oily and oval in shape, with prominent central veins. The sweet fruit of this plant is known almost all over the world. The very thin skin of the fruit is covered with a smooth, waxy coating of a golden yellow or red color.
Culinary Usage and Nutritional Properties
Cashew is rich in essential nutrients: vitamin C, protein, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, dietary minerals (phosphorus, copper, manganese), magnesium, an excellent source of vitamin K, potassium, thiamin, iron, selenium, zinc, vitamin B6, amino acids, fructose, beta-sitosterol, glucose, and strong antioxidants. Marañon apple is used for its juicy but acidic pulp, which can be eaten raw or used in the production of jam, chutney, or various drinks and syrups. The seeds of the apple are used as nuts. Its leaves are used in salads. They may be dipped in a spicy sauce and eaten as a snack, or they may also be used as a seasoning for fish and sambal dishes.
Economic and Environmental aspects
Cashew attracts beneficial insects and wild birds. Being evergreen is one of its environmental benefits.
In the international trade of tree nuts, cashew is the third largest in global sales, with more than 20% of the market. Today, consumers' demand for it has steadily increased. The high efficiency of this plant and its essential role in world trade have significantly impacted the economy.
Annual Yield
A mature Cashew tree yields more than 10 kg per year.
Pharmacological Activities and Bio-active Properties
Marañon syrup is a good medicine for coughs and colds,
Root infusion is an excellent purgative,
Old cashew liquor in small doses cures stomach-ache,
Marañon apple is anti-scorbutic, astringent, and diuretic and is used for cholera and kidney troubles,
Marañon seed gum juice is used for mental disorders, heart palpitations, and rheumatism,1
leaves are used to treat toothaches and gum problems,
Research has shown that the bark of this tree is hypoglycemic and can reduce blood sugar levels. The bark of the tree is also used in Ayurvedic medicine to detoxify snake bites.2
Green Your Inbox!
With our Newsletters, Stay updated on our Stories of Change and Growth.
As a gift, get a personalised Nature E-card from PH.
